The attack resulted in the RLA largely demobilising, leaving the conflict to irregular ethnic Hmong forces of the "Secret Army" backed by the United States and Thailand, and led by General Vang Pao. )exports: 235,000 metric tons (2020 est. In 2017, the country sent a team for the first time to the team events at the Southeast Asian Games. [43], During World War II in Laos, Vichy France, Thailand, Imperial Japan and Free France occupied Laos. Fitch rating: CCC (2020)Moody's rating: Caa2 (2020)note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained. Department of Statistics, Ministry of Planning and Investment, 2009. ), general assessment: Laos joined the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2013; one of the conditions of admittance was to establish an independent regulator for its telecom sector within two years; the government had committed to do so by February 2015 as part of the accession agreement; there still has been no sign of any firm plans being made to create an independent regulatory body; the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications (MPT) retains the primary role in regulating the countrys telecom market; with the government also having a financial stake (in part or in whole) in every one of the major fixed-line and mobile operators, the MPTs position and decision-making is far from what could be considered independent; sufficient returns on investment cannot be guaranteed with such strict pricing controls as well as the potential for political interference; fixed-line and mobile penetration levels have, as a result, remained much lower than whats seen in neighboring South East Asian markets; there are signs of growth in the mobile broadband segment as LTE network coverage slowly widens and, more recently, the countrys first 5G services start to come on stream; residents in the capital will at least be able to enjoy high-speed services in the near future, while the rest of the country waits patiently to catch up with the rest of the world. 0 / 5 0 lt. [97] The organisation also raised concerns in relation to freedom of expression, poor prison conditions, restrictions on freedom of religions, protection of refugees and asylum-seekers, and the death penalty. ", "Evaluation Synthesis of Rice in Lao PDR", "Starting an Asian Cinema: Laos Past and Present", "Good Good Morning, Luang Prabang and hello to Laos's film industry", "Q&A with director Kim Mordaunt (The Rocket)", "A tale of revenge in Laos challenges censors", "Fantastic Fest 2013 Review: Chanthaly is A Haunting Portrait of Modern Day Laos", "Laos Selects 'Dearest Sister' as First Foreign-Language Oscar Submission", "Cannes: Southeast Asia Is Ready for Its Big-Screen Close-up", "Laos: Crony scheme in control of press and civil society", "Social Discrimination in the Lao People's Democratic Republic", "Muay Lao, the forgotten art of kickboxing", "Laos Stumbles on Path to Sporting Glory", Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), ASEANRepublic of Korea Commemorative Summit, Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia, Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, ASEANAustralia Development Cooperation Program, Outstanding Scientist and Technologist Award, Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, Assemble parlementaire de la Francophonie, Agence de Coopration Culturelle et Technique, Prix des cinq continents de la francophonie, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laos&oldid=1133062203, French-speaking countries and territories, Member states of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, States and territories established in 1949, All articles with bare URLs for citations, Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022, Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations, Articles with failed verification from January 2021, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2022, Articles containing potentially dated statements from March 2021, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2011, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2021, Pages using Sister project links with wikidata mismatch, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 12 January 2023, at 03:25. In 1893, the three territories came under a French protectorate and were united to form what is now known as Laos. WebKingdom-of-laos Definition Meanings Definition Source Filter A former country in Southeast Asia (official name). However, the latter is considered pejorative, meaning 'slave'. [141] Laos's predominantly rural[142] population makes investing in sanitation difficult. The constitution also contains provisions for gender equality, freedom of religion, freedom of speech, and freedom of press and assembly. More than half of the nation's population is ethnic Laothe principal lowland inhabitants, and the politically and culturally dominant people of Laos. )crude oil and lease condensate imports: 0 bbl/day (2018 est. The Lao Royals are now based in France, where they work to achieve a change of government in Laos. ), -1.17 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est. The stated policy objectives of both the Lao government and international donors remain focused upon achieving sustainable economic growth and poverty reduction. [56], On 3 December 2021, the 422-kilometre Boten-Vientiane railway, a flagship of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) was opened. )$56.827 billion (2020 est. [181], Association football is the most popular sport in Laos. Under the plan, refugee status was evaluated through a screening process. More than 540 mineral deposits of gold, copper, zinc, lead and other minerals have been identified, explored and mined. ), municipal: 130 million cubic meters (2017 est. The proto-historic period is characterised by contact with Chinese and Indian civilisations. WebFind the perfect Kingdom Of Laos stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. The Laos civil war (1953 1975) mainly caused internal displacement (numbering in the hundreds of thousands). Following the end of the Vietnam War in 1975, indigenous people in remote, war-struck areas were resettled and more than 300,000 people fled to Thailand to escape the communist regime that took power. The majority of those who sought refuge in Thailand ultimately were resettled in the US (mainly Hmong who fought with US forces), and lesser numbers went to France, Canada, and Australia.. With one-party state status of Laos, the General Secretary (party leader) holds ultimate power and authority over state and government and serves as the supreme leader. ), Thailand 53%, China 26%, Vietnam 10% (2019), refined petroleum, cars, cattle, iron structures, steel products (2019), $1.476 billion (31 December 2021 est. [15][16] Laos has been referred to as one of Southeast Asia and Pacific's fastest growing economies by the World Bank with annual GDP growth averaging 7.4% since 2009. )male: 53.3% (2020 est. Web3 Headed Elephant Design Style Original Kingdom of Laos Flag T-Shirt 4.8 (5) $1999 FREE delivery Thu, Jan 5 on $25 of items shipped by Amazon Amazon Merch on Demand +9 colors/patterns Lao Designs by RespekDis Sabaidee Laos and Thai Greeting | Lao writing gift T-Shirt 5.0 (1) $1695 FREE delivery Thu, Jan 5 on $25 of items shipped by [70] Laos was admitted into the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in July 1997 and acceded to the World Trade Organization in 2016. )spirits: 4.46 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. Lao / Laos, Kingdom, 100 Kip, ND (1974), P-16, UNC . A post-independence civil war began, which saw the communist resistance, supported by the Soviet Union, fight against the monarchy that later came under influence of military regimes supported by the United States. Archaeological exploration in Laos has been limited due to rugged and remote topography, a history of twentieth century conflicts which have left over two million tons of unexploded ordnance throughout the country, and local sensitivities to history which involve the Communist government of [84] Following threats of forcible removal by the Thai government, the United States, in a significant victory for the Hmong, agreed to accept 15,000 of the refugees in 2003. The Franco-Siamese Treaty of 1907 defined the current Lao border with Thailand. In response, the United States initiated a bombing campaign against the PAVN positions, supported regular and irregular anti-communist forces in Laos, and supported Army of the Republic of Vietnam incursions into Laos. ), electrification - total population: 95% (2019)electrification - urban areas: 98% (2019)electrification - rural areas: 93% (2019), installed generating capacity: 9.346 million kW (2020 est. )other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. According to the USCommittee for Refugees, he was arrested by Lao security forces and was never seen again. [169][170] In September 2017, Laos submitted Dearest Sister (Lao: ), Mattie Do's second feature film, to the 90th Academy Awards (or the Oscars) for consideration for Best Foreign Language Film, marking the country's first submission for the Oscars. [citation needed]. )consumption: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. [66][67] The incumbent head of government is Prime Minister Sonexay Siphandone. Laosin kuningaskunta. ), total dependency ratio: 54.7youth dependency ratio: 48elderly dependency ratio: 6.7potential support ratio: 14.8 (2021 est. Quc gia: Nht Bn. [62], The climate is mostly tropical savanna and influenced by the monsoon pattern. ), unexploded ordnance; deforestation; soil erosion; loss of biodiversity; water pollution, most of the population does not have access to potable water, party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands, Whalingsigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements, particulate matter emissions: 24.49 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est. ), lowest 10%: 3.3%highest 10%: 30.3% (2008), revenues: 3.099 billion (2017 est. WebShop for kingdom of laos wall art from the world's greatest living artists. [53] In 1979, there were 50,000 PAVN troops stationed in Laos and as many as 6,000 civilian Vietnamese officials including 1,000 directly attached to the ministries in Vientiane. Amongst them, 100,000 Hmongs30% of the entire Hmong populationand 90% of all of Lao intellectuals, specialists, and officials. Select from premium Kingdom Of Laos of the highest quality. [149], Hill people and minority cultures of Laos such as the Hmong, Yao (Mien) (Hmong-Mien), Dao, Shan, and several Tibeto-Burman speaking peoples have lived in isolated regions of Laos for many years. 0-14 years: 31.25% (male 1,177,297/female 1,149,727)15-24 years: 20.6% (male 763,757/female 770,497)25-54 years: 38.29% (male 1,407,823/female 1,443,774)55-64 years: 5.73% (male 206,977/female 219,833)65 years and over: 4.13% (male 139,665/female 168,046) (2020 est. Lao (official), French, English, various ethnic languagesmajor-language sample(s): (Lao)The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. [175] Lao citizens who have criticised the government have been subjected to enforced disappearances, arbitrary arrests and torture. Laos's first expressway, the VientianeBoten Expressway, parallels both Route 13 and the BotenVientiane railway; the first section from Vientiane to Vang Vieng was opened in 2020, with other sections under construction. WebWho is the father of Laos? For 300 years Lan Xang had influence reaching into present-day Cambodia and Thailand, as well as over all of what is now Laos. $58.264 billion (2021 est. )$1.393 billion (31 December 2020 est. [46], The official and majority language is Lao, a language of the Tai-Kadai language family. The constitution and Family Code bar the legal recognition of polygamous marriages, stipulating that monogamy is the principal form of marriage in the country. On September 1, 1945, the Kingdom of Laos was confirmed [2] as The Tai-Kadai Languages, ":: Overseas Compatriot Affairs Commission, R.o.c. [139]:3940, In 2004 the net primary enrollment rate was 84%. )imports of goods and services: -43.2% (2017 est. [17][18], The word Laos was coined by the French, who united the three Lao kingdoms in French Indochina in 1893 and named the country as the plural of the dominant and most common ethnic group, the Lao people. Bomb Tonnages Dropped on Laos and Cambodia, and Weighing Their Implications", "Fifty years of violent war deaths from Vietnam to Bosnia: analysis of data from the world health survey programme", Politics in Contemporary Southeast Asia: Authority, Democracy and Political Change, Renovation in Vietnam since 1988 a study in political, economic and social change, "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity", "Mekong Divides Different Worlds In 'Golden Triangle', "Opium Poppy Cultivation in South East Asia", "East Asia/Southeast Asia:: Laos The World Factbook Central Intelligence Agency", "Laos promotes PM Thongloun as leader of communist party", "OEC Laos (LAO) Exports, Imports, and Trade Partners", "Q+A What is the East Asia Summit all about? WebKingdom 2 To Distant Lands (Harukanaru Daichi E) 2022 135 Pht. While some Hmong people returned to Laos voluntarily, with development assistance from UNHCR, allegations of forced repatriation surfaced. )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 3.76% (2021 est. The Lao National Tourism Administration, related government agencies and the private sector are working together to realise the vision put forth in the country's National Ecotourism Strategy and Action Plan. )solar: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2020 est. [38] France rescued King Oun Kham and added Luang Phrabang to the protectorate of French Indochina. Recently, the country has faced a persistent current account deficit, falling foreign currency reserves, and growing public debt. [83] Around 5,000 Hmong people who were not resettled at the time of the camp closures sought asylum at Wat Tham Krabok, a Buddhist monastery in central Thailand where more than 10,000 Hmong refugees had already been living. WebThe Kingdom of Laos was officially proclaimed when the new Constitution was promulgated in 1947, as part of the colonial French Union, [2] and obtained full independence in 1953. [46], Male life expectancy at birth was at 62.6 years and female life expectancy was at 66.7 years in 2017. [155] The National University of Laos is the Lao state's public university. )imports: 1.345 billion kWh (2019 est. [144], Laos's population was estimated at 7.45million in 2020, dispersed unevenly across the country. This includes decreasing the environmental and cultural impact of tourism; increasing awareness in the importance of ethnic groups and biological diversity; providing a source of income to conserve, sustain and manage the Lao protected area network and cultural heritage sites; and emphasizing the need for tourism zoning and management plans for sites that will be developed as ecotourism destinations.[137]. In 2010, one in every 11 jobs was in the tourism sector. However, villages far from major roads can be reached only through unpaved roads that may not be accessible year-round. He later died under suspicious circumstances in a re-education camp. [76] As many as 200,000 Hmong went into exile in Thailand, with many ending up in the US. [108] In late February 2017, two of those imprisoned were finally released after 17 years. [28], Laos traces its history to the kingdom of Lan Xang ('million elephants'), which was founded in the 13th century by a Lao prince, Fa Ngum,[29]:223 whose father had his family exiled from the Khmer Empire. )carbon dioxide emissions: 17.76 megatons (2016 est. [104] Later reports have contradicted this, claiming they were sentenced to 20 years in prison. The close ties between Laos and Vietnam were formalised via a treaty signed in 1977, which has since provided direction for Lao foreign policy, and provides the basis for Vietnamese involvement at all levels of Lao political and economic life. A former country in Southeast Asia (official name). WebKingdom of Laos Stamps Album Exhibition In the Exhibits section, E. Moallem exhibits his Kingdom of Laos stamps album. He encouraged a renaissance of Lao fine arts and literature and improved relations with Luang Phrabang. [102][103], However, the government of Laos frequently breaches its own constitution and the rule of law, since the judiciary and judges are appointed by the ruling communist party. WebThe Kingdom of Laos (1953-1975) was a constitutional monarchy that ruled Laos for 22 years with only two kings, Sisavang Vong and Savang Vatthana. Words Starting With K KI KIN Words Ending With S OS AOS [14] It is a one-party socialist republic, espousing MarxismLeninism and governed by the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, under which non-governmental organisations have routinely characterised the country's human rights record as poor, citing repeated abuses such as torture, restrictions on civil liberties and persecution of minorities. )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 2.53% (2021 est. note: data are in current year dollars$5.816 billion (2020 est.) By submitting this form, I am giving express written consent to receive emails, text messages, OTT app messages (e.g., WhatsApp messages), and/or telephone calls including mobile from or on behalf of Academy of Art University at the phone number (s) I provided using automated technology. [39] Laos never held any importance for France[40] other than as a buffer state between Thailand and the more economically important Annam and Tonkin. [80] Following the Vue Mai incident, debate over the Hmong's planned repatriation to Laos intensified greatly, especially in the United States, where it drew strong opposition from many American conservatives and some human rights advocates. It survived until December 1975, when its last king, The politically and culturally dominant Lao people make up 53.2% of the population, mostly in the lowlands. There are many traditions and rituals associated with rice production in different environments and among many ethnic groups. )58.4% of GDP (2016 est. [26] Archaeological evidence suggests an agriculturist society developed during the 4th millennium BC. After the Vietnam War ended in 1975, the communist Pathet Lao came to power, ending the civil war. French is also used in public works in central and southern Laos and Luang Prabang and is a language of diplomacy and of the elite classes, higher professions and elders. [44] On 9 March 1945, a nationalist group declared Laos once more independent, with Luang Prabang as its capital, but on 7 April 1945 two battalions of Japanese troops occupied the city. From 1975 to 1996, the United States resettled some 250,000 Lao refugees from Thailand, including 130,000 Hmong. ), 185 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est. It is evident throughout the country, expressed in language, temples and the arts and literature. Construction of a number of large hydropower dams and expanding mining activities have also boosted the economy. [140], Laos has made particularly noteworthy progress increasing access to sanitation. By 1940, around 600 French citizens lived in Laos. [151] ), 1.26% (2021 est. Kingdom of Laos + Add translation Add Kingdom of Laos "Kingdom of Laos" in English - Finnish dictionary. [126] In addition, the country's plentiful water resources and mountainous terrain enable it to produce and export large quantities of hydroelectric energy. Modern-day Laos has its roots in the ancient Lao kingdom of Lan Xang, established in the 14th century under King FA NGUM. Laos' economy is heavily dependent on capital-intensive natural resource exports. Usually called Laos . Many elements of Lao culture predate Buddhism. The Pathet Lao began a war against the French colonial forces with the aid of the Vietnamese independence organisation, the Viet Minh. ), total: 31.8% (2020 est. [63], Laos is divided into 17 provinces (khoueng) and one prefecture (kampheng nakhon), which includes the capital city Vientiane (Nakhon Louang Viangchan). )5.46% (2019 est. )wine: 0.07 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. note: data are in current year dollars$7.518 billion (2019 est. ), degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria, total: 8.15 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. [109], Laos and Vietnamese (SRV) troops were reported to have raped and killed four Christian Hmong women in Xiangkhouang Province in 2011, according to the US-based non-governmental public policy research organisation The Centre for Public Policy Analysis, which also said other Christian and independent Buddhist and animist believers were being persecuted. [27] Burial jars and other kinds of sepulchers suggest a complex society in which bronze objects appeared around 1500 BC, and iron tools were known from 700 BC. Additionally, many elite and French-educated Lao immigrated to nations such as the United States and France to escape government persecution. Laos is in the process of implementing a value-added tax system. Today, French has a healthier status in Laos than the other Francophone nations of Asia and about 35% of all students in Laos receive their education in French, with the language being a required course in many schools. 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